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Large, lacquered, cedar wood chest with iron fittings. Olinalá. Guerrero. Mexico. 18th century.
62 x 84 x 40 cm.
On the exterior, the decoration is composed of pairs of birds facing each other, jars of flowers and branches, all surrounded by a triple garland of vegetation and floral motifs. On the sides, with a very similar decoration, there is a single bird, in a central reserve over a bouquet of carnations, daisies and other flowers. The interior of the lid is intact and depicts a large central amphora holding bunches of carnations, pomegranates and, on both sides, two birds on a branch of flowers. A lower cartouche, topped by a fleur-de-lis on each side, displays the inscription that tells us who its owner was: “SOLA SOI DE MI SSra DOÑA JOSEHPA ANTOÑA”.
As Ruth Lechuga reports in her article for “Lacas mexicanas” (1997), “maque, lacquer, enamel or varnish is the name given to an artisanal technique that consists of applying and burnishing layers of grease, calcareous powders and colors on a smoothed surface, generally made of wood or cucurbitaceae such as gourds or pumpkins”.
In Olinalá, where this chest comes from, there are two different techniques: scratching, which is the case here, and gilding.
It is interesting to note, as Lechuga points out, that the use of 'painted' gourds was already very extended during pre-Hispanic times, using a very similar technique to that which is still used today. “During Colonial times and up to the present day, objects for daily use have been produced, some sumptuous and others more ceremonial and religious,” says Lechuga.
When the Spaniards arrived, there was already, for example, a consolidated trade in these objects: the gourd painter. In this sense, Sonia Pérez Carrillo and Carmen Rodríguez de Tembleque report in the same publication that “there were several crafts that the Spaniards found strongly rooted in New Spain upon their arrival in the first quarter of the 16th century”. A century later, “only those that continued to satisfy the daily or religious needs of the indigenous population,” as is the case of the maque technique presented on this chest, were able to establish themselves definitively.
This great ark, in fact, is a clear example of the fusion between the indigenous technical tradition and the new decorative supports and the new aesthetic patterns, influenced by the European art of the time, which Carrillo and Tembleque call the “acculturation process”.
There is some wear and tear and a small piece of the right leg is missing.
The Brooklyn Museum has a comparable Olinalá lacquer chest in its collection, although its own is dated later, in 1878 (Ref. L41.106).
This lot comes from the Miguel Iglesias collection (Celendín, 1830 - Lima, 1909). He was a Peruvian military officer and politician who was president of Peru between 1882 and 1885, in what is known as the Government of Miguel Iglesias or Regenerating Government of the Peruvian Republic. This government was established in the middle phase of the War of the Pacific, an armed conflict between Chile and the allies Bolivia and Peru (1879-1884). He rose to power by designation of the constituent assembly in 1882, a year after the Chilean occupation of Lima, until he was exiled to Spain in the Peruvian civil war of 1884-1885.
A high point of his political-military legacy is the "Grito de Montán", a manifesto in which he proclaimed the necessity of agreeing peace with Chile, even if this implied the cession of the southern provinces; the Treaty in Ancón or Treaty of Peace and Friendship between the republics of Chile and Peru, that put an end to the War of the Pacific and stabilized the post-war relations between them, where Peru ceded territory to Chile; and the Peruvian Civil War, between the Iglesias faction and that of the military leader Andrés Avelino Cáceres. The end of that war meant the exile of Iglesias to the south of Spain, where he moved with his descendants and his important art collection.
He returned to his native country when he was elected senator for Cajamarca and died in Lima in 1909. His remains, which had been buried in a mausoleum in Lima's Presbítero Maestro Cemetery, were moved to the Crypt of the Heroes in 2011, within the same cemetery.
Despite his return to Peru, his descendants continued to reside in Andalusia. There, his art collection has been preserved and has remained in the family, generation after generation, until the present day. Several lots from this collection are featured in the auction, from 92 to 106.
Provenance:
- Miguel Iglesias collection, military officer and president of Peru (1882 - 1885). Ayacucho Estate. Peru.
- From the end of the 19th century the descendants and the collection moved and settled in the south of Spain until the present day.
Reference Bibliography:
- Lechuga, Ruth. (1997). “Places and forms of lacquer” in M. de Orellana (ed.), “Mexican lacquers” (pp. 9-19). Franz Mayer Museum and Arts of Mexico.
- Pérez Carrillo, Sonia and Rodríguez de Tembleque, Carmen (1997). “Oriental and European influences” in M. de Orellana (ed.), “Mexican lacquers” (pp. 31-51). Franz Mayer Museum and Arts of Mexico.
The purchase price includes the delivery of the lots in the venue of the auction. Transporting to other destinations is at the own risk of the client. The customer must contact "LST", to give the corresponding instructions for such transporting. "LST" is not responsible for the packaging or any accident incurred during transportation.
CONDITIONS OF THE AUCTION:
I. REGISTRATION. To bid in the room customers must register at the beginning, filling out a form and picking a number that will identify them during the auction. Customers may be required to register in bank references or other guarantee system and if they do not prove the solvency "LST" will not accept bids and award the auction.
II. WRITTEN BIDS. "LST" will accept written bids, which will be formalized in the form provided by the room until the day before the auction. In such auctions, the room will bid in name of the client until the maximum stated in the offer and always at the lowest possible price. If there are two or more bids for the same amount, the one placed first will have the priority. Written bids received in advance, will have priority on the day of the auction.
III. TELEPHONE BIDS. "LST" will allow telephone bids, if interested people contact "LST" days before the auction providing personal data, ID card and the phone number which will be used by the staff of "LST" to call at the time of the auction. The buyer, within all the legal rights is making an offer for the asking price, when applies for telephone bid. "LST" will not take responsibility for any technical defects beyond its control, which may prevent to contact successfully the bidder during the auction.
IV. AUCTIONEER. The auction will be conducted by an auctioneer, director of the auction will be judge and arbitrator of it with full authority in its development, will award the lots to the highest bidder and is able to settle any controversy concerning lots sale, reject bids, divide lots or group them and remover objects from the room. Will be able to, if it is deemed suitable, not accept bids on the auction. His decision will be unappealable.
V. SALE OF LOTS. The lots are awarded to the highest bidder. Once the auctioneer blows the hammer, the buyer becomes responsible of the lot purchased, exempting "LST" of liability to for any damage and / or accidents that may occur. No refunds of lots.
VI. STARTING PRICE. The amount shown in the catalogue as the starting price for each lot will be, as a rule, the minimum selling price, except for exceptional cases where a reservation may be agreed upon with the seller or it set discretionary by the room.
VII. SCALE OF BIDS. The bids are set according to the following scale:
From 50.-€ to 200.-€…………………………………………..at 10.-€
From 200.-€ to 500.-€…………………………………… …25 in 25.-€
From 500.-€ to 1.000.-€………………………………..…..….50 in 50.-€
From 1.000.-€ to 2.000.-€………………………………..…100 in 100.-€
From 2.000.-€ to 5.000.-€……………………………….….250 in 250.-€
From 5.000.-€ to 10.000.-€…………………………………500 in 500.-€
From 10.000.-€ to 20.000.-€……………………………1.000 in 1.000.-€
From 20.000.-€ to 50.000.-€……………………………2.500 in 2.500.-€
From 50.000.-€ to 100.000.-€…………………………..5.000 in 5.000.-€
From 100.000.-€ to 100.000.-€………………………10.000 in 10.000.-€
From 200.000.-€ to 200.000.-€………………………25.000 in 25.000.-€
From 500.000.-€ to 500.000.-€………………………50.000 in 50.000.-€
VIII. RIGHT OF ADMISION. "LST" reserves the right to admission to the auction room and to reject, at its judgment, any purchase order, from clients whose solvency is not duly proved as well as not to sale auctions.
IX. SALE PRICES. The successful bidder of one or more lots must pay "LST" the final sale price achieves at auction, plus the 24,5 % plus 21% VAT on the commission, at total 29,64 % on Hammer Price.
X. CATALOG DATA. The catalogue data are obtained in order to careful research and advice, however, any responsibility is afforded about its accuracy. The lots will be auctioned in the state in which they are, not accepting any claims in restorations, breakage, damage, imperfections and, even description or numbering mistakes in the catalogue, in case of it, being the burden of the buyers to make sure before the auction that the description matches with their personal opinion about respective lot. The exhibition of the lots is intended to allow a perfect review and study of them.
XI. PAYMENT AND REMOVAL OF LOTS. Payment and removal of the lots will be held no later than five days following the auction. After this period expire without having the buyer removed the lot or lots purchases, it will accrue an expense of custody of 6 euros per day on each lot.
15 days after the auction without having the buyer paid and removes the sold lots, "LST" will inform the seller and there will begin judicial proceeding in order to obtain payment. The delay in payment by the purchaser of his/her sold lots will carry an interest increase at a rate of 1,5% per month.
XII. DELIVERY OF LOTS. The purchase price includes the delivery of the lots in the venue of the auction. Transporting to other destinations is at the own risk of the client. The customer must contact "LST", to give the corresponding instructions for such transporting. "LST" is not responsible for the packaging or any accident incurred during transportation.
XIII. RIGHT OF FIRT REFUSAL AND REPURCHASE. "LST" in order to article 38 of "Ley 16/1985 de 25 Junio del Patrimonio Histórico Español" (BOE. 155 June 29, 1985), will notify in advance to the Ministry of Culture, the content of their catalogues. Concerning the lots subject to the legislation referred to in the preceding paragraph, the Administration may exercise the rights of first refusal and repurchase according to the law. "LST" will watch over the protection of Artistic, Historical and Bibliographical Heritage of Spain. For customers out of European Community, a tax for export is required by the Administration.
XIV. VALUE ADDED TAX (I.V.A). This tax will be accrued on commissions of "LST" for buyers, using the rates prevailing on the date of the auction.
XV. DATA PROTECTION. In order to the "Ley 15/1999 de 13 de Diciembre, de Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal", the client authorize "LST", the inclusion of their data in a customer file, and for the promotion by "LST" of the objects at all times the rights of access, rectification or deletion of personal data by sending the appropriate request to the following address: LA SUITE SUBASTAS, C/ Conde Salvatierra, 8, 08006. Barcelona.
XVI. EXPRESS LEGAL JURISDICTION. These Conditions are governed by and interpreted in accordance with the rules of Spanish law. The mere act of participating in the auction as seller, buyer or bidder, implies acceptance of these Terms and Conditions.
Sales operations are understood to be held at the registered office of "LST", C/ Conde de Salvatierra, 8, 08006. Any dispute shall be taken to the competent courts of Barcelona, expressly waiving any other jurisdiction, in accordance with Article 55 of the "Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil".
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Large, lacquered, cedar wood chest with iron fittings. Olinalá. Guerrero. Mexico. 18th century.
62 x 84 x 40 cm.
On the exterior, the decoration is composed of pairs of birds facing each other, jars of flowers and branches, all surrounded by a triple garland of vegetation and floral motifs. On the sides, with a very similar decoration, there is a single bird, in a central reserve over a bouquet of carnations, daisies and other flowers. The interior of the lid is intact and depicts a large central amphora holding bunches of carnations, pomegranates and, on both sides, two birds on a branch of flowers. A lower cartouche, topped by a fleur-de-lis on each side, displays the inscription that tells us who its owner was: “SOLA SOI DE MI SSra DOÑA JOSEHPA ANTOÑA”.
As Ruth Lechuga reports in her article for “Lacas mexicanas” (1997), “maque, lacquer, enamel or varnish is the name given to an artisanal technique that consists of applying and burnishing layers of grease, calcareous powders and colors on a smoothed surface, generally made of wood or cucurbitaceae such as gourds or pumpkins”.
In Olinalá, where this chest comes from, there are two different techniques: scratching, which is the case here, and gilding.
It is interesting to note, as Lechuga points out, that the use of 'painted' gourds was already very extended during pre-Hispanic times, using a very similar technique to that which is still used today. “During Colonial times and up to the present day, objects for daily use have been produced, some sumptuous and others more ceremonial and religious,” says Lechuga.
When the Spaniards arrived, there was already, for example, a consolidated trade in these objects: the gourd painter. In this sense, Sonia Pérez Carrillo and Carmen Rodríguez de Tembleque report in the same publication that “there were several crafts that the Spaniards found strongly rooted in New Spain upon their arrival in the first quarter of the 16th century”. A century later, “only those that continued to satisfy the daily or religious needs of the indigenous population,” as is the case of the maque technique presented on this chest, were able to establish themselves definitively.
This great ark, in fact, is a clear example of the fusion between the indigenous technical tradition and the new decorative supports and the new aesthetic patterns, influenced by the European art of the time, which Carrillo and Tembleque call the “acculturation process”.
There is some wear and tear and a small piece of the right leg is missing.
The Brooklyn Museum has a comparable Olinalá lacquer chest in its collection, although its own is dated later, in 1878 (Ref. L41.106).
This lot comes from the Miguel Iglesias collection (Celendín, 1830 - Lima, 1909). He was a Peruvian military officer and politician who was president of Peru between 1882 and 1885, in what is known as the Government of Miguel Iglesias or Regenerating Government of the Peruvian Republic. This government was established in the middle phase of the War of the Pacific, an armed conflict between Chile and the allies Bolivia and Peru (1879-1884). He rose to power by designation of the constituent assembly in 1882, a year after the Chilean occupation of Lima, until he was exiled to Spain in the Peruvian civil war of 1884-1885.
A high point of his political-military legacy is the "Grito de Montán", a manifesto in which he proclaimed the necessity of agreeing peace with Chile, even if this implied the cession of the southern provinces; the Treaty in Ancón or Treaty of Peace and Friendship between the republics of Chile and Peru, that put an end to the War of the Pacific and stabilized the post-war relations between them, where Peru ceded territory to Chile; and the Peruvian Civil War, between the Iglesias faction and that of the military leader Andrés Avelino Cáceres. The end of that war meant the exile of Iglesias to the south of Spain, where he moved with his descendants and his important art collection.
He returned to his native country when he was elected senator for Cajamarca and died in Lima in 1909. His remains, which had been buried in a mausoleum in Lima's Presbítero Maestro Cemetery, were moved to the Crypt of the Heroes in 2011, within the same cemetery.
Despite his return to Peru, his descendants continued to reside in Andalusia. There, his art collection has been preserved and has remained in the family, generation after generation, until the present day. Several lots from this collection are featured in the auction, from 92 to 106.
Provenance:
- Miguel Iglesias collection, military officer and president of Peru (1882 - 1885). Ayacucho Estate. Peru.
- From the end of the 19th century the descendants and the collection moved and settled in the south of Spain until the present day.
Reference Bibliography:
- Lechuga, Ruth. (1997). “Places and forms of lacquer” in M. de Orellana (ed.), “Mexican lacquers” (pp. 9-19). Franz Mayer Museum and Arts of Mexico.
- Pérez Carrillo, Sonia and Rodríguez de Tembleque, Carmen (1997). “Oriental and European influences” in M. de Orellana (ed.), “Mexican lacquers” (pp. 31-51). Franz Mayer Museum and Arts of Mexico.
Generelle Versandinformationen vom Auktionshaus verfügbar
The purchase price includes the delivery of the lots in the venue of the auction. Transporting to other destinations is at the own risk of the client. The customer must contact "LST", to give the corresponding instructions for such transporting. "LST" is not responsible for the packaging or any accident incurred during transportation.
CONDITIONS OF THE AUCTION:
I. REGISTRATION. To bid in the room customers must register at the beginning, filling out a form and picking a number that will identify them during the auction. Customers may be required to register in bank references or other guarantee system and if they do not prove the solvency "LST" will not accept bids and award the auction.
II. WRITTEN BIDS. "LST" will accept written bids, which will be formalized in the form provided by the room until the day before the auction. In such auctions, the room will bid in name of the client until the maximum stated in the offer and always at the lowest possible price. If there are two or more bids for the same amount, the one placed first will have the priority. Written bids received in advance, will have priority on the day of the auction.
III. TELEPHONE BIDS. "LST" will allow telephone bids, if interested people contact "LST" days before the auction providing personal data, ID card and the phone number which will be used by the staff of "LST" to call at the time of the auction. The buyer, within all the legal rights is making an offer for the asking price, when applies for telephone bid. "LST" will not take responsibility for any technical defects beyond its control, which may prevent to contact successfully the bidder during the auction.
IV. AUCTIONEER. The auction will be conducted by an auctioneer, director of the auction will be judge and arbitrator of it with full authority in its development, will award the lots to the highest bidder and is able to settle any controversy concerning lots sale, reject bids, divide lots or group them and remover objects from the room. Will be able to, if it is deemed suitable, not accept bids on the auction. His decision will be unappealable.
V. SALE OF LOTS. The lots are awarded to the highest bidder. Once the auctioneer blows the hammer, the buyer becomes responsible of the lot purchased, exempting "LST" of liability to for any damage and / or accidents that may occur. No refunds of lots.
VI. STARTING PRICE. The amount shown in the catalogue as the starting price for each lot will be, as a rule, the minimum selling price, except for exceptional cases where a reservation may be agreed upon with the seller or it set discretionary by the room.
VII. SCALE OF BIDS. The bids are set according to the following scale:
From 50.-€ to 200.-€…………………………………………..at 10.-€
From 200.-€ to 500.-€…………………………………… …25 in 25.-€
From 500.-€ to 1.000.-€………………………………..…..….50 in 50.-€
From 1.000.-€ to 2.000.-€………………………………..…100 in 100.-€
From 2.000.-€ to 5.000.-€……………………………….….250 in 250.-€
From 5.000.-€ to 10.000.-€…………………………………500 in 500.-€
From 10.000.-€ to 20.000.-€……………………………1.000 in 1.000.-€
From 20.000.-€ to 50.000.-€……………………………2.500 in 2.500.-€
From 50.000.-€ to 100.000.-€…………………………..5.000 in 5.000.-€
From 100.000.-€ to 100.000.-€………………………10.000 in 10.000.-€
From 200.000.-€ to 200.000.-€………………………25.000 in 25.000.-€
From 500.000.-€ to 500.000.-€………………………50.000 in 50.000.-€
VIII. RIGHT OF ADMISION. "LST" reserves the right to admission to the auction room and to reject, at its judgment, any purchase order, from clients whose solvency is not duly proved as well as not to sale auctions.
IX. SALE PRICES. The successful bidder of one or more lots must pay "LST" the final sale price achieves at auction, plus the 24,5 % plus 21% VAT on the commission, at total 29,64 % on Hammer Price.
X. CATALOG DATA. The catalogue data are obtained in order to careful research and advice, however, any responsibility is afforded about its accuracy. The lots will be auctioned in the state in which they are, not accepting any claims in restorations, breakage, damage, imperfections and, even description or numbering mistakes in the catalogue, in case of it, being the burden of the buyers to make sure before the auction that the description matches with their personal opinion about respective lot. The exhibition of the lots is intended to allow a perfect review and study of them.
XI. PAYMENT AND REMOVAL OF LOTS. Payment and removal of the lots will be held no later than five days following the auction. After this period expire without having the buyer removed the lot or lots purchases, it will accrue an expense of custody of 6 euros per day on each lot.
15 days after the auction without having the buyer paid and removes the sold lots, "LST" will inform the seller and there will begin judicial proceeding in order to obtain payment. The delay in payment by the purchaser of his/her sold lots will carry an interest increase at a rate of 1,5% per month.
XII. DELIVERY OF LOTS. The purchase price includes the delivery of the lots in the venue of the auction. Transporting to other destinations is at the own risk of the client. The customer must contact "LST", to give the corresponding instructions for such transporting. "LST" is not responsible for the packaging or any accident incurred during transportation.
XIII. RIGHT OF FIRT REFUSAL AND REPURCHASE. "LST" in order to article 38 of "Ley 16/1985 de 25 Junio del Patrimonio Histórico Español" (BOE. 155 June 29, 1985), will notify in advance to the Ministry of Culture, the content of their catalogues. Concerning the lots subject to the legislation referred to in the preceding paragraph, the Administration may exercise the rights of first refusal and repurchase according to the law. "LST" will watch over the protection of Artistic, Historical and Bibliographical Heritage of Spain. For customers out of European Community, a tax for export is required by the Administration.
XIV. VALUE ADDED TAX (I.V.A). This tax will be accrued on commissions of "LST" for buyers, using the rates prevailing on the date of the auction.
XV. DATA PROTECTION. In order to the "Ley 15/1999 de 13 de Diciembre, de Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal", the client authorize "LST", the inclusion of their data in a customer file, and for the promotion by "LST" of the objects at all times the rights of access, rectification or deletion of personal data by sending the appropriate request to the following address: LA SUITE SUBASTAS, C/ Conde Salvatierra, 8, 08006. Barcelona.
XVI. EXPRESS LEGAL JURISDICTION. These Conditions are governed by and interpreted in accordance with the rules of Spanish law. The mere act of participating in the auction as seller, buyer or bidder, implies acceptance of these Terms and Conditions.
Sales operations are understood to be held at the registered office of "LST", C/ Conde de Salvatierra, 8, 08006. Any dispute shall be taken to the competent courts of Barcelona, expressly waiving any other jurisdiction, in accordance with Article 55 of the "Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil".
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